Badkhyz pistachios - Pulihatum and Kushkinskaya groves - occupy a total of 75 thousand hectares.It is also known other places of growth of this plant.This is isolated Boda grove, as well as the Pelengovaly gorge (Badhyz), pistachio sparse in the foothills of Koitendag - in the Hodja Burdi Beland tract in five thousand hectares.
In small groups of trees and individuals, the species are found in the Eastern, Central and South-Western Kopetdag.It is difficult to identify the exact dimensions of these areas because of the sparse distribution of the range of the species.
To improve the state of pistachio populations and rational use of pistachios has been established control over harvesting indicators.It has been taken measures to conserve the gene pool and increase the productivity of plantations.
In Badkhyz, the first experience of planting pistachio in the holes was carried out in 1930, but it failed.The following year, scientists corrected the technology and sowed seeds on an area of 12 hectares.
Successful experience lasted for dozens of years in various soil-ecological conditions - on clearings, glade, plains.By 1985, the area of manmade light forests amounted to almost five thousand hectares.
At the same time was conducted research on artificial plantations that bear fruit for many years.Over time, foresters abandoned the high concentration of trees.In nature, pistachio trees grow at a considerable distance from each other and begin to bear fruit at the 15th year of life, while artificial densely planted plantations - at the age of 25-30 years.
Full-scale studies of Turkmen pistachios were conducted in 2003 by a group of employees of the National Institute of Deserts, Flora and Fauna of the State Committee for Environmental Protection and Land Resources.
They monitored the Badhyz pistachios, including 13,000 hectares under the reserve, about 4,000 hectares of old plantations and artificial agrocoenosis within the Kushka pistachio grove on an area of over 16,000 hectares.
Household land plots of proprietors growing pistachio were also examined.According to local residents, the water quality of the plant is affected by the scarcity of water resources, drylands, drought, frost and atmospheric precipitation during the flowering of trees.
With respect to the natural ratio in the planting of male and female trees, the pistachio in culture began to bear fruit at the age of 15-16, that is, in terms close to the natural ones.
Farmers-tenants showed interest in information about the technology of growing and increasing the yield of pistachios.Although the period of the onset of its fruiting is long, this nutty culture has valuable properties.
Seeds of pistachio due to high content (up to 60%) of fats and 12-22% of proteins are used in the food and confectionery industries.In folk medicine, nut oil and gallic formations are used on the leaves of pistachios, which contain up to 30-50% of tannins on a dry basis.
Researchers emphasize the importance of this forest culture, resistant to pests, diseases and drought for phytomelioration of the slopes of arid lowlands.